The system may use many RFID frequencies or RFID bands.
The frequency used by an RFID system determines many characteristics of its operating mode. Therefore, determining the correct RFID frequency band is an important early decision in the development process.
RFID frequency band allocation
There are four different RFID frequency bands or RFID frequencies in the world. They are placed in different areas of the radio spectrum, which enables RFID to select the frequency that can obtain the correct system parameters.
| RFID FREQUENCY BAND / SPECTRUM ALLOCATIONS | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| RFID FREQUENCY BAND | FREQUENCY BAND DESCRIPTION | TYPICAL RANGE | TYPICAL RFID APPLICATIONS |
| 125-134.2 kHz and 140-148.5 kHz | Low frequency | Up to ~ 1/2 metre | These frequencies can be used globally without a license. Often used for vehicle identification. Sometimes referred to as LowFID. |
| 6.765 – 6.795 MHz | Medium frequency | Inductive coupling is used on these RFID frequencies. | |
| 13.553 – 13.567 MHz | High Frequency HF Often called 13.56 MHz | Up to ~ 1 metre | These RFID frequencies are typically used for electronic ticketing, contactless payment, access control, garment tracking, etc |
| 26.957 – 27.283 MHz | Medium frequency | Up to ~ 1 metre | Inductive coupling only, and used for special applications. |
| 433 MHz | UHF | These RFID frequencies are used with backscatter coupling, for applications such as remote car keys in Europe | |
| 858 – 960MHz | Ultra High Frequency UHF | 1 to 10 metres | These RFID frequencies cannot be accessed globally and there are significant restrictions on their use. When they are used, it is often used for asset management, container tracking, baggage tracking, work in progress tracking, etc. and often in conjunction with Wi-Fi systems. For further information on its use see the paragraph below. |
| 2.400 – 2.483 GHz | SHF | Backscatter coupling, but only available in USA / Canada | |
| 2.446 – 2.454GHz | SHF | 3 metres upwards | These RFID frequencies are used for long range tracking and with active tags, RFID and AVI (Automatic Vehicle Identification). Backscatter coupling is generally used. |
| 5.725 – 5.875 GHz | SHF | Backscatter coupling. Not widely used for RFID. | |
860 – 960 MHz UHF RFID frequency
Since UHF RFID frequencies are not allocated globally, these frequencies cannot be used internationally. Where access is allowed, you may find that different countries have different restrictions.
| UHF RFID FREQUENCY BAND DETAILS | |
|---|---|
| COUNTRY | COMMENTS |
| North America | Here the UHF RFID band can be used unlicensed within the limits of 915 MHz ± 15MHz (i.e. 902 – 928 MHz). There are restrictions on transmission power. |
| Europe (less exclusions) | Within this region, the RFID frequencies (and other low-power radio applications) specified ETSI recommendations EN 300 220 and EN 302 208, and ERO recommendation 70 03. These allow RFID operation within the band 865-868 MHz, but with some involved restrictions. RFID readers must to monitor a channel before transmitting – “Listen Before Talk”. |
| France | The North American standard is not accepted within France as it interferes with frequencies allocated to the military. |
| China and Japan | There are no licence free RFID bands or frequencies. However it is possible to request a licence for UHF RFID which is granted in a site basis. |
| Australia & New Zealand | Within this area the RFID band exists between 918-926 MHz as these frequencies are unlicensed, but there are restrictions on the transmission power. |
When considering using, developing or setting up RFID systems, it is necessary to consider the frequencies that will be used for spectrum allocation, and the general regulations of each country/region are different. This is especially true for the use of UHF RFID.
UHF frequencies in different countries and regions
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